REST: HTTP methods for CRUD. GraphQL: query language, client specifies data needed. Message queues: async, decoupled systems.

• REST: HTTP methods for CRUD

• REST: GET (read), POST (create), PUT/PATCH (update), DELETE
• GraphQL: request only needed fields, avoid over/under-fetching
• Message queues (RabbitMQ, Kafka): producers → queue → consumers

REST: HTTP methods for CRUD. GraphQL: query language, client specifies data needed. Message queues: async, decoupled systems.

• REST: HTTP methods for CRUD

• REST: GET (read), POST (create), PUT/PATCH (update), DELETE
• GraphQL: request only needed fields, avoid over/under-fetching
• Message queues (RabbitMQ, Kafka): producers → queue → consumers